Study: Food Processing Level, Not Plant-Based Label, Determines Cardiovascular Risk Introduction A major longitudinal study published in The Lancet Regional Health – Europe in December 2025 has challenged a core tenet of modern dietary advice. The research, which followed 63,835 adults for an average of 9.1 years, concluded that the cardiovascular benefits of a plant-based diet are not inherent but are determined by the level of industrial processing applied to the plant foods consumed. The findings indicate that diets centered on minimally processed plant foods reduced cardiovascular disease risk by approximately 40%. In contrast, diets heavy in ultra-processed plant foods offered no protective…

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