A large region of molten iron in Earth’s outer core beneath the Pacific Ocean shifted from westward to eastward flow in 2010, according to a study published Aug. 6, 2026, in the Journal of Studies of Earth’s Deep Interior. The study, led by Frederik Dahl Madsen of the University of Edinburgh’s School of Geosciences, used satellite data from ESA’s Swarm and CryoSat missions, Germany’s CHAMP mission and the Ørsted mission, covering 1997 through 2025. Scientists said the cause of the reversal remains unknown, and the eastward flow has weakened since 2020, according to the study. Madsen said in a statement…

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