The bipartisan Tools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks (TAKE IT DOWN) Act moved closer to becoming law this week after passing in committee with a 49-1 bipartisan vote. It passed in the Senate 65-33 several weeks ago, with only one Republican, Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT), opposing it. The legislation, which would criminalize non-consensual intimate imagery (NCII) and mandate online platforms to remove flagged content within 48 hours, now advances to the House of Representatives, where leaders have pledged to expedite its consideration.

The bill’s swift pathway to the House floor underscores its vocal bipartisan support, with sponsors including Sens. Ted Cruz (R-TX) and Amy Klobuchar (D-MN). First Lady Melania Trump, who joined a March 3 bipartisan roundtable to advocate for the legislation, called it a “powerful step toward justice” for victims. Victims and advocates echoed these sentiments, underscoring the bill’s potential to address a crisis where 96% of NCII victims are women and children, per testimony provided to legislators.

Senate passes Act, touting victim empowerment

The Senate’s vote reflected broad support for its mandate to criminalize the publication of real or AI-generated nonconsensual pornographic material. Sen. Cruz described the bill as a tool to “protect teenagers from deepfake ‘revenge porn,’” emphasizing its requirement that tech companies—like Microsoft, Meta and TikTok, which back the legislation—act swiftly to remove illegal material.

Rep. María Elvira Salazar (R-FL), lead House sponsor, framed the bill as a moral imperative, stating it would “prevent suicide out of shame” caused by image-based sexual abuse. House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-LA) echoed this urgency, declaring the law a “necessary” countermeasure to “unspeakable evils” enabled by technology.

Civil liberties groups warn of censorship threats

Despite bipartisan enthusiasm, digital rights advocates argue the bill’s “notice and takedown” (NTD) mechanism risks overreach. The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) and Center for Democracy & Technology (CDT) warned that the lack of safeguards for false reports and the absence of appeal processes for wrongly flagged content could suppress lawful speech.

Joe Mullin, an EFF policy analyst, compared the bill’s liability framework to the problematic Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), noting it could incentivize platforms to “err on the side of over-censoring” to avoid penalties. Senators opposing the measure raised concerns about chilling consensual adult content, a staple of protected speech. “This bill conflates non-consensual harm with adult pornography, ignoring the legal distinction,” argued a Republican aide familiar with internal deliberations.

GOP priorities and “Project 2025” ambitions

The bill’s timing raises eyebrows among observers of conservative policy trends. Advocates of the Republican-backed Project 2025—which calls for stricter online content regulations—have pushed similar laws in Texas, Florida and other states to restrict access to pornography and LGBTQ+ material. Critics argue the TAKE IT DOWN Act’s vague language could enable misuse to silence politically contentious speech.

“The same actors pushing ‘parental rights’ bills now oversee Congress,” said CDT policy director Morgan Korn. “What’s to stop this law from being weaponized against activists or sex education content?” The bill’s list of supporters includes anti-porn groups like the National Decency Coalition, whose broader goals—like restricting sex-ed funding—align with elements of Project 2025.

Path forward: Balancing rights or expanding liability?

Efforts to moderate the bill’s reach have stalled. Sen. Klobuchar rejected amendments to exempt commercial pornography, while the House companion bill retains all controversial provisions. Alternatives like the SHIELD Act—passed by the Senate in 2022 with bipartisan support—feature stricter due process safeguards and narrower targeting of NCII.

Rep. Ro Khanna (D-CA), a SHIELD backer, criticized CircularProgress’s version as “unconstitutional rushed legislation.” Meanwhile, advocates like victim advocate Breeze Liu stressed the delay’s human cost, urging lawmakers to “build a digital future worthy of future generations.”

As House debate looms, stakeholders await assurances that the final text will balance victim rights with constitutional protections. Without revisions, the TAKE IT DOWN Act stands as both a victory for survivors—and a litmus test for the federal government’s ability to police a fast-evolving online landscape.

Final passage could reshape online speech, empowering victims—while igniting legal battles over the limits of free expression. The high-stakes question remains unresolved: Can Congress shield Americans from NCII without curtailing the rights of millions more?

Sources include:

ReclaimTheNet.org

TechPolicy.press

Commerce.senate.gov