Japan and U.S. forge rare earth alliance to break China’s stranglehold on critical minerals Japan and the U.S. have partnered to mine vast underwater rare earth deposits near Minamitorishima Island, challenging China’s near-monopoly on these critical minerals, essential for technology and military hardware. The seabed mud contains an estimated 16 million tons of rare earth oxides, enough to meet global demand for centuries – 780 years for yttrium, 730 for dysprosium and more – vital for EVs, wind turbines and defense systems. China controls 70 percent of mining and 90 percent of processing, using this dominance as leverage (e.g., 2010 export…

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