The Steppe’s secret: Vast Bronze Age city rewrites history of nomadic societies Archaeologists have uncovered the 3,500-year-old city of Semiyarka on the Kazakh Steppe, a 140-hectare planned settlement that challenges assumptions about nomadic life and represents the largest known urban center of its era in the region. The site features orderly rows of multi-room houses and a large central structure, indicating deliberate urban planning and social hierarchy previously unrecognized for steppe cultures of this period. The city was a major industrial hub, with a dedicated zone for producing tin bronze. This organized metallurgical activity suggests it was a primary regional center…

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