The protein hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), long known for breaking down fat on the surface of fat droplets to release energy, has been discovered performing a second, independent function inside the cell nucleus. In the nucleus, it protects the health and integrity of fat tissue. This discovery resolves a decades-old mystery: removing HSL does not cause obesity, but instead leads to lipodystrophy (loss of healthy fat). This shows HSL’s role in maintaining fat tissue quality is as crucial as its role in fat breakdown. On lipid droplets, HSL acts as an enzyme to mobilize stored fat for fuel. In the nucleus,…

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